Cariology and Prevention 1 Practice Test

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• Which statement describes the Take a 1st Look program results?
• Which of the following statements best reflects the four variables to direct prevention efforts for dental caries and periodontal disease?
• Which branch of medicine focuses on the causes, distribution, and control of disease in populations?
• What is the concentration of fluoride in professionally applied gels used for high-dose topical therapy?
• Fluoride has multiple cariostatic mechanisms, but what is thought to be the primary one?
• Which topical fluoride option is commonly applied in dental offices?
• What amount of toothpaste should be placed on the toothbrush for children under 2 years old?
• Which is described as the least expensive salt of silver, commercially available in various concentrations, and used historically in medicine?
• Which statement best describes primary prevention?
• Which age group has diet guidance that includes limiting juice to 4 oz, avoiding carbonated beverages and sweetened juice drinks, and serving milk or water between meals?
• At transition from breast or bottled formula, what should the child drink?
• Which statement correctly describes how a lap examination is conducted?
• Which condition would most likely require urgent referral for comprehensive treatment?
• Early childhood caries (ECC) are preventable and reversible.
• What is a notable cosmetic side effect of applying SDF that should be discussed with patients and caregivers?
• Secondary prevention occurs in which period of caries development?
• Which statement best describes how you can be an agent of change in early childhood oral health?
• Fluoride that has greater cariostatic activity than sodium monofluorophosphate (MFP) is which compound?
• Which intervention can reverse or arrest white spot lesions?
• Why is caries risk increased in patients with asthma and allergies?
• The appearance of healthy enamel is described as which of the following?
• What percentage of children have enamel defects?
• Saying that the average 17-year-old has 4.96 decayed, missing, or filled teeth is an example of which measure?
• Which provides low dose (0.7-1 mg/L) fluoride topically on a nearly continuous or high-frequency basis for those consuming it via water?
• What is the appearance of healthy teeth?
• Which term describes disease occurrences in a population during a defined period, distinct from prevalence?
• Which statement accurately reflects the data on caries prevalence among 5-17-year-olds and 17-year-olds?
• What treatment is used to prevent the development of new lesions in advanced or early aggressive ECC?
• What does the DMFT index represent?
• The age range associated with the reported DMFT and DMFS values is?
• Our efforts to eradicate caries should focus on which approach rather than a vaccine or targeted antimicrobial?
• When should physicians promote oral health in pregnancy?
• Which tool is specifically used to apply the SDF solution to a carious lesion?
• The program reported a reduction in caries incidence in children of mothers who received prenatal dental services. What was the magnitude of this reduction?
• Enamel defects are associated with what level of risk for early childhood caries?
• What is the window of opportunity for a lifetime impact on oral health?
• Which of the following best describes a primary prevention approach in dentistry?
• What instrument is used to apply the SDF solution to the lesion?
• After brushing, should the child spit out or rinse?
• The first clinical sign of demineralized enamel typically begins at which location?
• What color change is commonly observed in SDF-treated lesions when assessing treatment success?
• Primary prevention occurs in which period?
• At what age are supplements recommended for infants?
• Which location is recommended to brush along for high-risk patients?
• Which combination of factors is associated with a higher risk of ECC?
• What reduces or removes the fluoride-rich layer of enamel at the surface?
• Which statement is NOT a source of topical fluoride?
• Any sign of smooth-surface caries in a child younger than 3 years is categorized as which condition?
• What treatment can arrest brown cavitations that do not require restorations?
• Which host-related factor influences whether oral flora is aciduric?
• In caries management, SDF contributes to arresting caries progression primarily by which effect?
• What is considered the key to further reduction in the burden of diseases and disorders affecting the face, mouth, and teeth?
• What are the three components of evidence-based dentistry?
• Which age group has diet guidance including breastfeeding, bottle handling, introducing a cup at 6 months, and weaning by 12 months?
• For high-risk patients, which type of beverage is recommended to minimize caries risk?
• What is the average DMFS in school-age children (age 5-17)?
• Which condition is described by multiple dark cavities in anterior and posterior teeth, with possible abscesses and draining fistulae, and patient pain?
• For children aged 1-5 years, which beverage should be limited to 4 ounces and served with meals only?
• According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, how can the possibility of preventing disease be improved in both the near and long term?
• Which bacteria are cited as part of cariogenic flora in the etiology components?
• How long do oral acids persist after sugar ingestion?
• How often are the high-dose fluoride topical treatments typically applied?
• Why should parents not discourage fluoride varnish applications by primary care physicians?
• Which of the following is listed as an advantage of silver diamine fluoride?
• What percentage of 5-9 year old children have at least one carious lesion or restoration?
• ECC stands for which condition?
• Which of the following is part of preparing for an examination when assessing a child’s oral health?
• Which term describes the use of the best available research in dental decision-making?
• Which statement about fluoride levels in breast milk is true?
• Xylitol is recommended for pregnant mothers because it is a sugar alcohol that has which property?
• Which of the following is listed as an SDH example?
• Enamel defects may appear as changes in translucency, texture, or color and increase risk for early childhood caries. Which term describes these conditions?
• What is effective without prophylaxis and binds with pellicle and biofilm?
• What are the two virulence factors of cariogenic bacteria?
• What is an advantage of restoring brown cavitations?
• Which combination of sources contributes to total fluoride ingestion during tooth development?
• What is established by age 2-3 and remains relatively stable, including cariogenic organisms, once established?
• ECC is used to describe caries in children up to what age?
• What is the window of infectivity for early childhood caries?
• Which of the following is NOT one of the three components of dental caries etiology?
• Which fluoride regimen has been shown to be most effective in arresting or reversing non-cavitated carious lesions?
• What is the main mechanism of fluoride?
• What is the fluoride concentration in mouthrinse?
• In the described program, what outcome was achieved in children of mothers who received prenatal dental services and prevention education, followed by infant participation and an age 1 dental referral?
• When is breast milk cariogenic?
• Which of the following is an example of primary prevention in oral health?
• Which statement correctly describes dental caries?
• Early childhood caries lead to all of the following EXCEPT?
• Which lifestyle behaviors affect both general health and oral and craniofacial health?
• What amount of toothpaste should be placed on the toothbrush for children 2 years old and over?
• Which combination of maternal preventive strategies is recommended to reduce vertical transmission of cariogenic bacteria and lower virulence?
• Non-cavitated carious lesions in enamel are commonly described as which of the following?
• Which condition is directly related to total fluoride ingested during tooth development?
• Which are topical mechanisms of fluoride?
• The critical pH for hydroxyapatite dissolution is:
• During a lap examination, which action is used to inspect the teeth and soft tissue?
• What color may enamel defects darken to due to staining from foods?
• In the SDF application protocol, what is used to isolate the tooth?
• Which of the following is not listed as a lifestyle factor affecting oral health?
• Which statement best distinguishes incidence from prevalence?
• Which of the following groups are at high risk for caries?
• Which organization provides guidelines for SDF re-evaluation timing?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor for infants and young children regarding dental caries?
• Dental caries are inherited, inevitable, and equally distributed in the general population. True or False?
• ECC stands for what?
• Are fluoride supplements taken by women during pregnancy effective in preventing dental caries in their offspring?
• Oral health risk assessment should be performed at which infant age range?
• What is critical for remineralization as it both acts as a vehicle to transport fluoride ions into the demineralized enamel and acts as a reservoir for calcium & phosphate ions?
• What is the most consistent predictor of caries risk in children?
• Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
• During an oral examination on a child, which finding is used to assess current caries activity?
• Why is bedtime brushing considered the most critical time to brush?
• Represent areas where loss of enamel has exposed underlying dentin and often darken with pigments from food. What are these areas called?
• According to the infant feeding guidelines, at what age should an infant begin introducing a cup to replace use of a bottle?
• Which element is the most electronegative in fluoride compounds?
• Which statement about fluoride and caries management is accurate according to the material?
• Which item is NOT part of the recommended maternal preventive strategies to reduce vertical transmission of cariogenic bacteria?
• Which fluoride exposure route is most associated with systemic delivery during tooth development?
• Which of the following is a primary prevention measure used to prevent dental trauma?
• Provides moderate-dose (226 mg/L) fluoride topically on a daily basis for those using it; effective & available over the counter; requires active use, but younger children are incapable of rinsing effectively
• Which of the following is NOT a tertiary prevention example?
• White spot lesions progress into cavities that are initially yellow if not managed. Which option best describes this progression?
• Which teeth are most susceptible to fluorosis during the first three years of life?
• What is the purpose of the 4-8 week re-evaluation period for SDF-treated lesions?
• What is the critical pH range for enamel?
• Which combination of color and firmness is checked during re-evaluation after SDF application?
• Sources of topical fluoride include:
• Starting with eruption of the first tooth, which brushing guideline is recommended?
• The process whereby calcium & phosphate ions are supplied from a source external to the tooth to promote ion deposition into crystal voids in demineralized enamel to produce net mineral gain
• Oral health literacy is defined as the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate oral health decisions.
• What is the recommended toothpaste amount for children 2 years old and over?
• What is the consequence of consuming sugars frequently?
• Which statement accurately summarizes the SDF application protocol?
• Postpartum intervention for high-risk moms includes which action?
• Rank the following fluoride sources by their typical topical fluoride concentration from highest to lowest: toothpaste, mouthrinse, fluoridated water.
• What should all fluoride prescriptions specify concerning sugar levels?
• Which of the following is a tooth-related factor in caries etiology?
• Which is a primary goal of SDF treatment?
• Sources of dietary fluoride include:
• What children should receive fluoride through systemic water fluoridation or dietary supplements?
• Which statement best describes secondary prevention?
• DMFT measures caries experience at which level?
• Which statement can alter the balance between aciduric and non-aciduric oral bacteria?
• By what age should an infant have a dental home established?
• What is more effective in caries prevention compared to fluoride incorporated into enamel through systemic exposure during tooth development?
• What are the two most common dental diseases that can be prevented through safe and effective measures?
• Which maternal approach is commonly used to help prevent caries by altering maternal behavior during pregnancy?
• What does the DMFS index represent?
• Until what age should parents help their children brush to ensure all areas are brushed?
• What is the fluoride concentration in toothpaste?
• Silver nitrate has historically been used as what type of agent in medicine?
• Until after 2 years old (minimal), which item should you NOT introduce to children?
• Which of the following is NOT part of the SDF application protocol?
• Which risk(s) are minimized by appropriate fluoride therapy in infants and young children?
• In a cross-sectional survey, which measure is used to describe the burden of caries at a single point in time?
• During SDF application, which tissues should you avoid touching with the microbrush or solution?
• Which ions are involved in fluoride-enhanced remineralization?
• Initiation of fluoride varnish should occur around which age range?
• What is the commonly used concentration of silver diamine fluoride solution for caries arrest?
• The study of health and disease states in populations, and how heredity, biology, social and cultural factors influence these states, is best described as which field?
• Over-the-counter fluoride mouthwashes should be used after what age?
• Which children are three times more likely to develop dental disease?
• What are the terms of the Alabama Medicaid dental program for all Medicaid eligible pregnant adults?
• The presence of one or more decayed (non-cavitated & cavitated lesions), missing (due to caries), or filled tooth surfaces in any primary tooth in a child under the age of 6 defines which condition?
• Secondary prevention includes which of the following?
• Tertiary prevention occurs during which period?
• DMFS measures caries experience at which level?
• Which factor determines how long sugar remains in the mouth (sticky or adhesive forms affect this)?
• What is the average DMFT in school-age children (age 5-17)?
• Which of the following is a substrate-related factor in caries etiology?
• In postpartum care for high-risk moms, which adjunctive product should be considered?
• In planning for ECC prevention, patient needs and preferences involve which pair?
• According to the new paradigm, lesion progression may be arrested at ANY stage, including cavitation. True or False?
• Remineralization occurs when acid is buffered by which oral fluid?
• Which statement best describes the old paradigm of dental caries?
• Social determinants of health are best described as which of the following?
• What primary oral fluid acts to buffer acids and enable remineralization?
• Which hypothesis describes that non-mutans bacteria in the right biofilm environment can adapt to produce acid and destabilize plaque, leading to demineralization?
• During SDF application, which step supports preventing contact of the solution with soft tissues?
• What leads to enamel demineralization after being produced by oral bacteria and persisting for 20 to 40 minutes after sugar ingestion?
• In designing health care and community programs, what must be included?
• Which ethnicity has among the highest rates of dental caries in children?
• Which factor determines how often sugar is present in the mouth (drinks, sweet snacks, use of sippy cups)?
• What epidemiological term describes the magnitude of disease present in a population at a specific point in time?
• Which two epidemiological measures serve as indices of caries prevalence?
• Which epidemiological measure is more sensitive for capturing the magnitude of caries in the oral cavity?
• What is the current regulatory status of silver diamine fluoride regarding caries arrest use?
• Infants who are of low socioeconomic status, who consume a diet high in sugar, and whose mothers have a low education level are how many times more likely to experience ECC or S-ECC?
• Which item is NOT listed as a specific aspect to assess during a child’s oral examination in the material?
• Decreasing maternal which condition is associated with improved child oral health?
• Dental caries is defined as what?
• What term describes the ability of cariogenic bacteria to thrive under acidic conditions, leading to dominance of plaque by these bacteria?
• What is the optimal fluoride concentration in drinking water?
• Which product has been cleared by the FDA as a class II medical device for tooth hypersensitivity and is being fast-tracked as a caries arresting medication?
• Which provides moderate-dose (1000 mg/L) fluoride topically on a 2-3 times per day basis and requires active use, but ingestion is a concern for younger children?
• Which factor is included in patient needs and preferences for prevention planning?
• S-ECC is defined for children younger than which age?
• S-ECC stands for what?
• Early aggressive ECC and advanced ECC require urgent dental referral for comprehensive treatment including what?
• Enamel abnormalities indicate which level of caries risk?
• Which statement best describes the scope of oral health?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between oral health and general health?
• Lowering pH below the critical pH promotes caries progression by which mechanism?
• Which term is defined by the ADA as the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate oral health decisions?
• What term describes lesions where enamel loss has exposed dentin and they darken with staining?
• What is the goal of fluoride therapy in infants and younger children?
• What is the ultimate goal of the dental profession?
• Which of the following is a risk factor for caries in children, as listed in the high-risk group factors?
• What are the systemic mechanisms of fluoride?
• What did the old paradigm consider most important in assessing caries?
• The statement that the average child will develop a new carious lesion between ages 6 and 10 represents which measure?
• Which statement best describes epidemiology?
• Which statement describes fluoride's effect on enamel solubility?
• Which teeth do early childhood caries affect first?
• For high-risk pediatric patients, which fluoride product is indicated for prevention and mitigation of ECC/S-ECC?
• Which option describes a high-dose fluoride topical treatment delivered 1-2 times per year under dentist's control?
• Which practice aligns with the new paradigm for caries management?
• What best describes the overall process of dental caries?
• Which term describes the plaque biofilm on teeth that can come to be dominated by cariogenic bacteria under acidic conditions?
• What term is defined as the level at which demineralization starts?
• Which fluoride treatment has been shown to work best in arresting advanced cavitated carious lesions?
• Why do preterm or low birth weight (LBW) children have an increased caries risk?
• Which statement best describes the new paradigm of dental caries?
• Which term identifies a severe form of dental caries in very young children, defined by the presence of smooth-surface caries lesions in children under 3?
• What is the order of caries progression?
• True or false: If a child doesn't have decay by age 3, they are unlikely to have decay.
• What percentage of adolescents have dental caries by the age of 17?
• Fluoride-enhanced remineralization is dependent on?
• During SDF application, what precaution should be followed to avoid soft tissue irritation?
• Which statement is NOT listed as an advantage of silver diamine fluoride?
• Which of the following is part of the treatment protocol for white spot lesions?
• The Take a 1st Look program results include earlier and more frequent fluoride applications initiated by which group?
• Is bottled water generally low or high in fluoride?
• When should high caries risk children NOT receive dietary supplements?
• When should you re-evaluate SDF-treated teeth to assess whether the lesion is black, firm, or whether re-application is needed?
• Which statement about enamel defects is true in the context of a child’s oral examination?
• Which statement describes the interaction between diet and oral flora in caries development?
• When should a child start seeing a dentist?
• Dental caries develop primarily through which mechanism?
• In the described progression order of caries, which tooth group is listed as the second stage?
• In the Take a 1st Look program, which group had the highest caries treatment counts?
• As a hygienist, which postpartum intervention set is described as including an oral health risk assessment at 6-9 months, fluoride varnish initiation, and establishing a dental home by age 1?
• Which organizations strongly recommend breastfeeding?
• During SDF application, how should the carious lesion be moistened?
• Which of the following is NOT listed as one of the four variables to direct prevention efforts for dental caries and periodontal disease?
• Which factor is NOT listed as a determinant of whether oral flora are aciduric or non-aciduric?
• In what language should persistent and repeated education and counsel be delivered?
• Abscesses and fistulae may be present; the patient may experience pain, but young children may be unable to verbalize it. Which caries category matches this description?
• Which ECC categories require urgent referral for comprehensive treatment?
• Which level of prevention would include rehab and fixed prosthodontics?
• What is the recommended amount of SDF solution to moisten the lesion?
• Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health?